For anyone in the IS/IT departments, SQL can be a very useful and productive tool. However, it can be a dangerous and untraceable process as well. We have found a trick that is very handy for monitoring and troubleshooting data integrity issues.
One of the most common methods of using SQL is by using the STRSQL command. We have modified this command to call our own CL prior to execution of the "real" STRSQL command.
To use this utility, you must have library QUSRSYS defined above QSYS in your system library list. You must create a STRSQL command in QUSRSYS that points to the program CUCSTRSQL, shown in Figure 1.
/*------------------------------------------------------------------* /* COMMAND.....: STRSQL WRAPPER AROUND STRSQL COMMAND * /* EXECUTES....: CUCSTRSQL * /* 1- LOG USER ? * /* PROGRAMMER..: DAVE BURT 2- LIMIT TIME TO 200 SECONDS * /* WRITTEN.....: 11/19/01 * /* * /* DESCRIPTION: * /* * /*------------------------------------------------------------------* CMD PROMPT('START SQL WITH WRAPPER')
/*------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* PROGRAM.....: CUCSTRSQL START SQL (STRSQL) WITH LIMITS */ /* PROGRAMMER..: DAVE BURT AND LOGGING */ /* WRITTEN.....: 11/19/01 */ /* */ /* CALLED BY...: QUSRSYS/STRSQL */ /* */ /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* GET USER INFORMATION */ RTVJOBA USER(&USER) RTVUSRPRF TEXT(&NAME)
/* OVERRIDE MESSAGE CHECKING AND SQL LIMIT */ CALL PGM(CUCJOBCTL) PARM('S') MONMSG CPF0000 /* SHOW MESSAGE */ SHOWAMSG MESSAGE('SQL processing time will be limited + to 200 seconds.')
/* LOG STOP */ CALL PGM(CURSQLLOG) PARM(&USER &NAME 'STOP ') MONMSG CPF0000 CALL PGM(CUCDBMON ) PARM('E') MONMSG CPF0000 /* BACK TO NORMAL */ CALL PGM(CUCJOBCTL) PARM('N') MONMSG CPF0000
ENDOFPGM: ENDPGM
Figure 1: Program CUCSTRSQL
As you can see, we call several programs within this CL. You may choose to include or exclude any of these programs in your copy.
The first program called (CUCJOBCTL – SQL Limit) defines a limitation that we set using the Change Query Attributes (CHGQRYA) command to limit the SQL and query processing to 200 seconds. Because we had a large number of people querying the database, the system was being tasked with large statement returns. This limitation helped performance.
/*------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* PROGRAM.....: CUCJOBCTL */ /* PROGRAMMER..: DAVE BURT */ /* WRITTEN.....: 11/20/01 */ /* */ /* */ /* */ /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/ PGM PARM(&ACTION) DCL VAR(&ACTION) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(1) IF COND(&ACTION = 'S') THEN(DO) CHGQRYA QRYTIMLMT(200) CHGJOB INQMSGRPY(*SYSRPYL) ENDDO ELSE CMD(DO) CHGQRYA QRYTIMLMT(*NOMAX) CHGJOB INQMSGRPY(*RQD) ENDDO ENDPGM ****************** End of data ************************
Figure 2: ProgramCUCJOBCTL
The next program called, CURSQLLOG, logs the SQL statement that is executed. This program logs only the statement, not the returned data. The statement is written to a file that can be queried later for auditing purposes.
************** Beginning of data ************************************ *-------------------------------------------------------------------* * Program....: CURSQLLOG Write Start/Stop Records for SQL * * Programmer.: Dave Burt LOG * * Written....: 11/21/01 * * * * Called by..: CUCSTRSQL * *-------------------------------------------------------------------*
*----------------------------------------------------------------* * Files *----------------------------------------------------------------* cupsqllog o a e disk
*----------------------------------------------------------------* * Fields *----------------------------------------------------------------* pgmUser s 10a name s 50a action s 10a today s 6s 0 now s 6s 0 timedate s 12s 0 dateYMD s D datfmt(*YMD) sds *----------------------------------------------------------------* * Main Routine *----------------------------------------------------------------* *entry plist parm pgmUser timedate s 12s 0 dateYMD s D datfmt(*YMD) sds *----------------------------------------------------------------* * Main Routine *----------------------------------------------------------------* *entry plist parm pgmUser parm name parm action time timedate move timedate today *MDY move today dateYMD move dateYMD today movel timedate now
eval squser = pgmUser eval sqname = name eval sqdate = today eval sqtime = now eval sqaction = action eval sqsql = action write sqlrcd eval *inlr = *on ***************** End of data *****************
Figure 3: Program CURSQLLOG
The next CL program, CUCDBMON, runs the database monitor as *OWNER (since users might not have the rights needed to run this monitoring program):
*************** Beginning of data ************************************* /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* PROGRAM.....: CUCDBMON START OR STOP DATABASE MONITOR */ /* PROGRAMMER..: DAVE BURT USING *OWNER AUTORITY */ /* WRITTEN.....: 08/19/99 */ /* */ /* DESCRIPTION: */ /* */ /* */ /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/ PGM PARM(&ACTION) DCL VAR(&ACTION) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(1) CALL PGM(CUCDBMON2) PARM(&ACTION) ENDPGM ****************** End of data ****************************************
Figure 4: Program CUCDBMON
The CUCDBMON2 program runs the monitoring portion of the capture process. It returns the data to file DBMON.
*************** Beginning of data ************************************ /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* PROGRAM.....: CUCDBMON2 START OR STOP DATABASE MONITOR */ /* PROGRAMMER..: DAVE BURT USING *OWNER AUTORITY */ /* WRITTEN.....: 08/19/99 */ /* */ /* DESCRIPTION: */ /* */ /* */ /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/ PGM PARM(&ACTION) DCL VAR(&ACTION) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(1) DCL VAR(&USER ) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(10) RTVJOBA USER(&USER) /* START */ IF COND(&ACTION = 'S') THEN(DO) STRDBMON OUTFILE(CUSTOM/DBMON) OUTMBR(&USER) ENDDO /* STOP AND CALL LOG PROGRAM */ ELSE CMD(DO) ENDDBMON OVRDBF FILE(DBMON) TOFILE(CUSTOM/DBMON) MBR(&USER) + OVRSCOPE(*JOB) CALL PGM(CURDBMON) PARM(&USER) DLTOVR FILE(DBMON) LVL(*JOB) ENDDO ENDPGM ****************** End of data **************************************
Figure 5: Program CUCDBMON2
The program call from CURDBMON extracts the log records that were captured in the monitor program.
************** Beginning of data ************************************ *-------------------------------------------------------------------* * Program....: CURDBMON Extract log records from Start * * Programmer.: Dave Burt Database Monitor. * * Written....: 11/21/01 * * * * * * Called by..: CUCDBMON2 * * * * COMPILE WITH ALWNULL(*YES) * * * Modifications: * * * *-------------------------------------------------------------------* *----------------------------------------------------------------* * Files *----------------------------------------------------------------* dbmon if e disk cupsqllog if a e k disk
*----------------------------------------------------------------* * Fields *----------------------------------------------------------------* user s 10a uCase c const('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR- STUVWXYZ') lCase c const('abcdefghijklmnopqr- stuvwxyz') yes c const('Y') no c const('N') vFlag s 1a text s 1002a zDate s 6s 0 zTime s 6s 0 sTime s 6s 0 dateYMD s d datfmt(*YMD) timeHMS s t timfmt(*HMS) *----------------------------------------------------------------* * Main Routine *----------------------------------------------------------------* *entry plist parm user user chain cupsqllog read dbmon dow not %eof exsr filter if vFlag = yes exsr wrtRcd endif read dbmon enddo * ** delete records older than 30 days * call 'CURDBMON2' 99 * ** End program * eval *inlr = *on *----------------------------------------------------------- filter begsr *----------------------------------------------------------- eval vFlag = no eval text = *blanks lCase:uCase xlate qq1000 text * ** Select * 'SELECT':6 scan text 50 if *in50 = *on eval sqaction='SELECT' eval vFlag = yes goto filterx endif * ** INSERT * 'INSERT':6 scan text 50 if *in50 = *on eval sqaction='INSERT' eval vFlag = yes goto filterx endif * ** UPDATE * 'UPDATE':6 scan text 50 if *in50 = *on eval sqaction='UPDATE' eval vFlag = yes goto filterx endif * ** DELETE * 'DELETE':6 scan text 50 if *in50 = *on eval sqaction='DELETE' eval vFlag = yes goto filterx endif
eval sTime = zTime wrtRcdx endsr ***************** End of data ************
Figure 6: Program CURDBMON
The initial CL then cycles through the logging and monitoring programs (with different parameters).
This is a handy feature once it is in place, and a menu can be created to help administrators utilize the logged information. It is also a better response to the missing SQL trail than removing SQL ability altogether.
The CURDBMON2 program is called to purge the SQL log. You can modify the code to fit whatever timeframe suits your needs.
*-------------------------------------------------------------------* * Program....: CURDBMON2 Delete log records from Start * * Programmer.: Dave Burt Database Monitor. * * Written....: 11/21/01 * * * * * * Called by..: CURDBMON * * * * * * Modifications: * * * *-------------------------------------------------------------------* *----------------------------------------------------------------* * Files *----------------------------------------------------------------* Fculsqllog uf e k disk *----------------------------------------------------------------* * Fields *----------------------------------------------------------------* D timedate s 12s 0 D today s 6s 0 D prgDate s 6s 0 D dateYMD s d datfmt(*YMD) D dateMDY s d datfmt(*MDY) *----------------------------------------------------------------* * Main Routine *----------------------------------------------------------------* C time timedate C move timedate today C *mdy move today dateMDY C dateMDY subdur 1:*Y dateYMD C move dateYMD prgDate C read culsqllog C dow not %eof and sqdate < prgDate C delete sqlrcd C read culsqllog C enddo * ** End program * C eval *inlr = *on
Figure 7: Program CURDBMON2
This utility requires two files, DBMON and CUPSQLLOG. The DDS for DBMON can be obtained by issuing the Start Database Monitor (STRDBMON) command to an outfile. Below you will find the DDS for CUPSQLLOG.
*-------------------------------------------------------- * FILE......: CUPSQLLOG LOG OF SQL USAGE * PROGRAMMER: DAVE BURT * DATE......: 11/19/01 * *-------------------------------------------------------- A R SQLRCD A SQUSER 10A A SQNAME 50A A SQDATE 6S 0 A SQTIME 6S 0 A SQACTION 10A A SQSQL 256A A K SQUSER A K SQDATE A K SQTIME
Figure 8: Program CUPSQLLOG
The zipped save file logsqlsavf.zip accompanies this document. It contains all the source for this utility, minus the SHOWAMSG command. Substitute the SNDMSG or SNDBRKMSG command for SHOWAMSG. The save file is set to V4R4.
Unzip and then FTP the save file from your PC to your AS/400. Use the following command:
Kristian Bryant and David Burt are iSeries 400 professionals. Kristian is a Systems Administrator. Dave Burt is a programmer on the iSeries with 15 years experience in RPG.
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